Physiology Practical Manual for MBBS Students

This edition of the Practical Manual has been revised and updated as per the latest Competency Based Medical Education (CBME) Curriculum Guidelines, 2024 issued by the National Medical Commission. Certifiable Competencies have been increased from 13 to 27, and numbers of certifiable and core competencies are changed as per the new curriculum. All the experiments in the Manual have been covered under the following three sections: 1. Hematology Experiments             2. Amphibian Experiments       3. Human Experiments Special Features of this Edition • In certifiable competencies PY 4.12, PY 5.16 and PY 6.12, as per NMC “Obtained relevant history, general and clinical examination of these systems in a normal volunteer or simulated environment” have been added. In certain photographs or figures, alterations have been incorporated to make the diagrams better to understand. • Learning objectives have been added in each practical. In the experiment covering use of microscope, color photographs of various interfering objects have been added. Actual photographs of blood cells (WBC and reticulocytes) have been incorporated for identification of cells easily. • More colour photographs have been incorporated in the manual related to the clinical examination of the patient | normal subject to make the clinical examination easy to understand. The methods and postures shown in these photographs are based on the procedures discussed in various standard international textbooks on clinical methods. • Sufficient space has been given for writing observations, calculations, results and discussion in each experiment. About four–five (blank and ruled) pages have been provided at the end of each section to add any extra experiment depending upon the availability of the specific equipment in the department. • Several expected viva voce questions along with their answers have been given at the end of each experiment, and space provided for student’s to write the answers.